Valve and method of making same



Patented Feb. 1.4, 1928.

UNITED lSTATE-s 1,658,925 PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT JARDINE, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO RICH TOOL COMPANY, 0F

DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MAINE. l

VALVE AND' METHOD OF MAKING SAME.

` Applicationled December 26, 1925. Serial No. 77,814.

' In said drawings:

Figure 1 is a view of a welded rod f or forming a valve in accordance with the 1nvention;

Figures 2 and 3 are Views showing the initial upsetting operations for .forming a valve head;

Figure 4 is a view showing a further step in upsetting the rod to form the valve head; Figure 5 is a view showing the forming of a convex surface on the bottom ot the valve head;

- Figure 6 is a view of a completed'valve; and n' Figure 7 is a view of a valve wherein a portion of the stem is composed of non-A oxidizing material. U

Oneobject, of the invention is to provide a valve having a stem composed substanf tially of one grade of metal, such as'common steel, and a head comprising a seat of non-oxidizing metal in welded engagement with an end portion f a different grade of metal; said head being preferably welded to the stem whereby to provide a unitary structure which is so formed as to resist the corrosive effects of the hot gases of an internal combustion engine.

Another. object of the invention is to provide a method of forming a valve that shall consist in forming a blank by welding a section of non-oxidizing metal between two sections of a di'erent grade of metal and in upsetting one end section and the nonoxidizing section to form a valve head having a seat composed of non-oxidizing metal.

In a valve constructed in accordance with the invention, the stem is composed of a material having high` strengthv andv adapted to resist fatigue, and if so desired, a portion of the stem adjacent the hea-d may be composed of high carbon steel or other antioxidizing metal, e. g., non-oxidizing steel. rIhe head of the valve is welded to the stem and is composed of two different metals welded together to form a seat of antioxidizing metal (e. g. nonoxidizing steel) and a center portion or top of a diierent type of metal. The seat is compose-d of a metal adapted to resist the oxidizing eii'ect produced by the hot gases in an internal combustion engine. The center portion of the head is formed of soft material such as low carbon common steel which can be easily `the worked to form a slot therein for a screw driver..

In Fig. l a blank in the form of a rod is shown comprising three sections, l, 2 and 3. The intermediate section, 2, which is composed ot' a non-oxidizing metal such as steel of that character, is welded end to end to two end sections of a different type of metal, such, for example,as common steel. The endsections l and 3 are preferably 'formed of low carbon common steel in order to be easily workedand to resist the fatigue to which a valve is subjected. The central section 2 is composed ot' a non-oxidizing metal tion 2 of the rodby the first blow in the' upsetting operation. Fig. 8 shows a further step in the upsetting operation to shape the valve head. In Fig. 4 a further step in the upsetting operation is illustrated wherein the head is shownV spread out and composedot a disc portion orvlayer of nonoxidizing material l and a top facing or layer of a dilierent type of material 5, the sections t and 5, respectively, corresponding to the sections 2 and 1 in the blank shown in Fig. I. In Figs. 5 and 6 further steps in upsetting operation are illustrated wherein the bottom or seat portion 5 ofthe valve head is formed convex and the layer 4 therein with ease and in order to reduce the cost of the valve.

Referring to Fig. 6 oit' the drawings it will be noted a valve is illustrated comprising a stem 7 composed of common steel and a head 8 which is composed of two different metals. The seat 4 of the-head is composed Aof non-oxidizing metal and the central top section 5 of the head is composed of a metal which may be easily worked.

If so desired a valve may be produced having a portion of the stein composed of non-oxidizing material. In such case 'it 1s necessary to extend the length of the nonoxidizing material included in the blank lar to common steel and a portion- 10 thereof composed of the same non-oxidizing material as composes the seat of the valve head. The `valve head is similar in construction to the head shown in Fig. `6. The portion comprising the section 2 andthe section 3 of the blank shown in Fig. l is only made large enough to allow material for any machining operation that may be'necessary to shape the valve stem.

What'is claimed is:

1. A method of` fabricating a valve naving a head disc portion of one type of metal interposed between stem and top portions of another type of metal,` which method comprises forming a rod having an int-er1 mediate section of the irst mentioned t5 pe of metal welded end-to end between-.sections of the other type of metal, and upsetting and spreading out the intermediate section and one of those adjacent it to form .the head disc portion and the top portion.

2. Armethod of fabricatingavalve hav- -ing a head with seating portion of non-corrosive steel and stem and top portions of common gsteel, which method comprises forming a blank having an intermediate section of non-corrosive steel welded vend to end between sections of common steel, upsetting and spreading out the intermediate section and one of thoseadjacent it to form the valve head and top, and spreading and extending the metal of the intermediate section around the edge of the top to form the seating portion of the head.

8. A valve 4comprising a stem formed of low carbon steel, a head united 'with the end-of thestem and formed of non-oxidiz ing metalhaving a marginal flange defining a recess andprovided with a central portion of low, carbon steel united only with said head and within the recess.

4. A valve comprising a stem formed of low carbon steel, a head united with the end of the stem to form .with said stein a unitary structure, said head having a portion thereof formed of a metal having a dilerent coefiicient of expansion than the stem, and a central portion united With the before-men` tioned head portion onlyl and formed of low carbon steel. K

5'. A valve having the stem and a pdr-tion of the head formed of oxidizing metal and an intermediate marginally flanged portion formed of non-oxidizing metal, said inter mediate portion defining the other portion lof the head and the bearing surface for the valve and a portion of the stem.

6.`The method of forming valve which comprises uniting alternate sections of low and high carbon steel with the latter loe-- i tween the former, and then upsetting oner section of low carbon steel and the high carbon steel section to define a'valve head.

7. The method of forming valves which comprises uniting a section of oxidizing metal with sections of non-oxidizing metal and then upsetting one section of non-oxidizing metal and the section of oxidizing 'metal to form a valve head.

8. The method of forming valves which comprises welding sections of .low and high carbon steel together to form a unitary structure having alternate high and low carbon steel sections with the high carbon steel section between the low carbon steel sections and then upsetting the end of said structure to define a `valve head having a portion thereof formed of the high carbon steel section.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set m hand.

y ROBERT JARDINE. 

